:root {
  /* Surface hierarchy — warm, light, premium (deepest → lightest) */
  --ink-950: #EFE9DC;
  --ink-900: #FBF9F4;
  --ink-800: #FFFFFF;
  --ink-700: #F4EEE3;
  --ink-600: #EAE3D5;

  /* Dark ink — text on gold, deep emphasis */
  --ink-deep: #1A1714;
  --ink-deeper: #0E0C0A;

  /* Text scale — warm charcoal on cream */
  --ivory: #1C1916;
  --ivory-dim: #2F2B26;
  --warm-grey: #6E685E;
  --warm-grey-dim: #9C9588;

  /* Refined gold — tuned for legibility on cream */
  --gold-600: #8C6313;
  --gold-500: #A87C1F;
  --gold-400: #BD8F26;
  --gold-300: #D6AC49;
  --gold-gradient: linear-gradient(135deg, #D6AC49 0%, #B7872A 50%, #8C6313 100%);

  --plum-800: #2A1C40;
  --plum-700: #402957;

  --font-serif-en: 'Cormorant Garamond', 'Times New Roman', serif;
  --font-sans-en: 'Inter', -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, sans-serif;
  --font-serif-zh: 'Noto Serif SC', 'Source Han Serif SC', 'Songti SC', 'SimSun', serif;

  --fs-display: clamp(2.75rem, 1.5rem + 4vw, 5.5rem);
  --fs-h1: clamp(2.25rem, 1.5rem + 2.5vw, 4rem);
  --fs-h2: clamp(1.75rem, 1.25rem + 1.5vw, 2.75rem);
  --fs-h3: clamp(1.35rem, 1.1rem + 0.8vw, 1.75rem);
  --fs-lead: clamp(1.05rem, 0.95rem + 0.4vw, 1.25rem);
  --fs-body: 1rem;
  --fs-small: 0.875rem;
  --fs-micro: 0.75rem;

  --lh-tight: 1.15;
  --lh-snug: 1.3;
  --lh-normal: 1.65;
  --lh-relaxed: 1.8;

  --tracking-wide: 0.08em;
  --tracking-wider: 0.16em;
  --tracking-widest: 0.24em;

  --space-1: 0.25rem;
  --space-2: 0.5rem;
  --space-3: 0.75rem;
  --space-4: 1rem;
  --space-5: 1.5rem;
  --space-6: 2rem;
  --space-7: 3rem;
  --space-8: 4rem;
  --space-9: 6rem;
  --space-10: 8rem;

  --container-max: 1280px;
  --container-pad: clamp(1.25rem, 4vw, 2.5rem);
  --section-y: clamp(4rem, 6vw, 6rem);

  --radius-sm: 2px;
  --radius-md: 4px;
  --radius-lg: 8px;

  --transition-fast: 180ms cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1);
  --transition-base: 280ms cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1);
  --transition-slow: 480ms cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1);

  --header-h: 80px;
  --header-h-scrolled: 64px;

  --hairline: 1px solid rgba(168, 123, 30, 0.22);
  --hairline-strong: 1px solid rgba(168, 123, 30, 0.42);
  --divider-ink: 1px solid rgba(28, 25, 22, 0.08);

  /* Soft shadows — restrained elevation for light theme */
  --shadow-sm: 0 1px 2px rgba(28, 25, 22, 0.035), 0 1px 3px rgba(28, 25, 22, 0.025);
  --shadow-md: 0 6px 18px -6px rgba(28, 25, 22, 0.07), 0 2px 6px rgba(28, 25, 22, 0.04);
  --shadow-lg: 0 18px 40px -14px rgba(28, 25, 22, 0.09), 0 6px 14px rgba(28, 25, 22, 0.045);
  --shadow-gold: 0 10px 28px -10px rgba(168, 123, 30, 0.32);

  --z-header: 100;
  --z-overlay: 200;
  --z-modal: 300;
}